:root{--ink:#18243b;--ink-soft:#465166;--paper:#f5f4ef;--paper-light:#fbfaf7;--cream:#ece9df;--teal:#168f89;--teal-dark:#11756f;--teal-pale:#dbece7;--line:#d9d7ce;--gold:#c7a773;--white:#fff;--shadow:0 24px 60px rgba(24,36,59,.11);--sans:"DM Sans","IBM Plex Sans Arabic",sans-serif;--arabic:"IBM Plex Sans Arabic","DM Sans",sans-serif;--serif:"Playfair Display",Georgia,serif;--page:1160px}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:100px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body:lang(ar){font-family:var(--arabic),var(--sans)}img{display:block;max-width:100%}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}button,input,select,textarea{font:inherit}button{color:inherit}.container{width:min(var(--page),calc(100% - 64px));margin-inline:auto}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}.skip-link{position:fixed;z-index:99;top:10px;inset-inline-start:10px;padding:8px 14px;border-radius:6px;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;transform:translateY(-150%)}.skip-link:focus{transform:translateY(0)}
.topline{background:var(--ink);color:#e9e8e2;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.02em}.topline-inner{height:34px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px}.topline-inner p{margin:0;opacity:.85}.topline-mark{color:#8ccfc3;font-size:13px}.topline-link{margin-inline-start:auto;display:flex;gap:9px;align-items:center;color:#b5ddd5}.topline-link span:last-child{font-size:14px}
.site-header{position:sticky;z-index:20;top:0;background:rgba(245,244,239,.93);backdrop-filter:blur(16px);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(24,36,59,.08)}.header-inner{height:82px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:38px}.brand{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;flex:none}.brand-mark{width:38px;height:38px;display:grid;place-items:center;color:var(--ink)}.brand-mark svg{width:100%;height:100%}.brand-word{font:600 29px/1 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-1.3px;color:var(--ink)}.brand-period{color:var(--teal);font-size:1.15em}.primary-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:28px;margin-inline:auto}.primary-nav a,.footer-links a{font-size:12px;font-weight:600;color:#505a69;transition:color .2s}.primary-nav a:hover,.footer-links a:hover{color:var(--teal)}.header-tools{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px}.language-picker{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;position:relative;color:#586171}.language-picker svg{width:16px;height:16px;stroke:currentColor;fill:none;stroke-width:1.4}.language-picker select,.category-select-wrap select{appearance:none;border:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;padding:8px 20px 8px 2px;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;outline-offset:3px}.language-picker .select-chevron{position:absolute;inset-inline-end:3px;top:5px;pointer-events:none;font-size:16px}.header-cta{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:13px;padding:10px 15px;border:1px solid var(--ink);border-radius:2px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;transition:.2s}.header-cta:hover{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper)}.header-cta span:last-child{color:var(--teal);font-size:15px}.menu-toggle{display:none}
.hero{position:relative;overflow:hidden;padding:68px 0 0;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 77% 24%,rgba(219,236,231,.5),transparent 35%),var(--paper)}.hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.04fr .96fr;align-items:center;gap:62px;min-height:460px}.hero-copy{position:relative;z-index:2;padding-bottom:28px}.eyebrow,.section-kicker{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:11px;color:var(--teal-dark);font-size:10px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.13em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 23px}.eyebrow-dot,.meta-dot,.tag-dot{width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--teal);display:inline-block}.eyebrow-rule{height:1px;width:31px;background:#b5b2a8}.hero h1{font-family:var(--arabic),var(--serif);font-size:clamp(42px,5.4vw,70px);font-weight:600;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-.045em;margin:0;max-width:700px}.hero h1 em,.section-heading h2 em,.editorial-copy h2 em,.about-copy h2 em,.newsletter-copy h2 em,.contact-copy h2 em,.study-heading h2 em{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:500;color:var(--teal);font-style:normal;letter-spacing:-.045em}.hero-description{color:var(--ink-soft);max-width:470px;margin:21px 0 26px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.95}.hero-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;flex-wrap:wrap}.button{border:0;cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:20px;min-height:48px;padding:0 18px;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;transition:transform .2s,background .2s,color .2s}.button:hover{transform:translateY(-2px)}.button-primary{background:var(--ink);color:white}.button-primary:hover{background:#243654}.button-arrow{display:grid;place-items:center;width:21px;height:21px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--teal);color:white;font-size:14px}.text-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink);border:0;background:none;padding:0;cursor:pointer}.text-link span:last-child{color:var(--teal);font-size:16px;transition:transform .2s}.text-link:hover span:last-child{transform:translate(2px,-2px)}.hero-note{margin-top:35px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;color:#697181;font-size:11px}.hero-note p{margin:0}.note-line{height:1px;width:28px;background:var(--gold)}
.hero-art{position:relative;margin:0 22px 24px 12px;min-height:390px}.art-frame{position:absolute;inset:0 15px 10px 30px;overflow:hidden;background:#c6ccc4;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}.art-frame:after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(20,32,53,.62),transparent 37%,rgba(18,29,49,.1));pointer-events:none}.art-frame img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:transform 1s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1)}.hero-art:hover .art-frame img{transform:scale(1.035)}.art-index{position:absolute;z-index:1;top:20px;inset-inline-start:20px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;background:rgba(248,247,241,.92);padding:8px 12px;font-size:10px;font-weight:700}.index-star{font-size:14px;color:var(--teal)}.art-caption{position:absolute;z-index:1;bottom:20px;inset-inline-start:22px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;color:white;font-size:11px;font-weight:600}.caption-number{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:18px;color:#a8d8cf}.caption-divider{width:28px;height:1px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.6)}.art-orbit{position:absolute;z-index:-1;border:1px solid rgba(22,143,137,.19);border-radius:50%;pointer-events:none}.orbit-one{width:145px;height:145px;top:-32px;inset-inline-end:-24px}.orbit-two{width:92px;height:92px;bottom:-23px;inset-inline-start:-23px}.art-side-label{position:absolute;z-index:1;top:46%;inset-inline-end:-20px;writing-mode:vertical-rl;letter-spacing:.15em;font-size:9px;color:var(--teal-dark)}
.principles-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:36px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:22px;min-height:68px}.principle{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;color:#485164}.principle-no{font:500 12px var(--serif);color:var(--teal)}.principle-note{margin-inline-start:auto;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;color:#7b7d7b;font-size:10px}.principle-pulse{width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--gold);box-shadow:0 0 0 4px rgba(199,167,115,.15)}
.section{padding:106px 0}.section-heading{margin-bottom:38px}.section-heading-row{display:flex;align-items:end;justify-content:space-between;gap:40px}.section-kicker{font-size:10px;margin:0 0 13px;letter-spacing:.12em}.section-kicker>span:first-child{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:13px;color:#a49981;letter-spacing:0}.section-heading h2,.editorial-copy h2,.about-copy h2,.newsletter-copy h2,.contact-copy h2,.study-heading h2{font-family:var(--arabic),var(--serif);font-size:clamp(35px,4vw,52px);font-weight:600;line-height:1.25;letter-spacing:-.04em;margin:0}.section-intro{max-width:350px;margin:0 0 8px;color:#697181;font-size:13px;line-height:1.9}.content-controls{display:flex;gap:12px;margin-bottom:17px}.search-box{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:11px;flex:1;min-width:190px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:rgba(255,255,255,.42);padding:0 15px;height:48px;color:#7f8792}.search-box svg{width:19px;height:19px;stroke:currentColor;fill:none;stroke-width:1.6}.search-box input{width:100%;border:0;outline:0;background:transparent;font-size:12px;color:var(--ink)}.search-box input::placeholder{color:#9398a0}.search-box:focus-within{border-color:var(--teal);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(22,143,137,.08)}kbd{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:3px;padding:0 6px;font:11px var(--sans);color:#8a8e94}.category-select-wrap{position:relative;min-width:165px;display:flex;align-items:center;border:1px solid var(--line);background:rgba(255,255,255,.42);padding-inline:11px;color:#586171}.category-select-wrap select{width:100%;padding-inline:0 19px;font-size:11px}.category-select-wrap .select-chevron{position:absolute;inset-inline-end:12px;pointer-events:none}.filter-row{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:24px}.filter-tabs{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;overflow:auto;scrollbar-width:none}.filter-tabs::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.filter-tab{position:relative;white-space:nowrap;border:0;background:transparent;padding:11px 12px;color:#727887;font-size:11px;cursor:pointer;transition:color .2s}.filter-tab:after{content:"";position:absolute;height:2px;background:var(--teal);bottom:-1px;inset-inline:12px;transform:scaleX(0);transition:transform .2s}.filter-tab.active{color:var(--ink);font-weight:700}.filter-tab.active:after{transform:scaleX(1)}.tab-count{font:10px var(--serif);color:var(--teal);margin-inline-start:4px}.result-count{margin:0 0 0 10px;font-size:10px;color:#92969b;white-space:nowrap}.article-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:31px 23px}.article-card{min-width:0;cursor:pointer;outline:none;transition:transform .25s}.article-card:hover{transform:translateY(-4px)}.card-image{height:222px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;background:#e5e1d6}.card-image img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .55s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1)}.article-card:hover .card-image img{transform:scale(1.045)}.card-image:after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;pointer-events:none;background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(14,29,49,.08),transparent 36%,rgba(14,29,49,.13))}.card-stamp{position:absolute;z-index:1;top:12px;inset-inline-start:12px;padding:5px 9px;background:rgba(251,250,247,.92);color:var(--ink);font-size:9px;font-weight:700}.card-play{position:absolute;z-index:1;inset-inline-end:13px;bottom:13px;width:35px;height:35px;display:grid;place-items:center;background:var(--teal);border-radius:50%;color:white;font-size:11px}.card-info{padding:14px 1px 0}.card-meta{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;color:#78808b;font-size:9px}.card-meta .meta-dot{width:4px;height:4px}.meta-sep{color:#c2bdaf}.card-title{font-family:var(--arabic),var(--serif);font-size:20px;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:8px 0 7px;transition:color .2s}.article-card:hover .card-title{color:var(--teal-dark)}.card-summary{color:#697181;font-size:11px;line-height:1.85;margin:0 0 12px;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}.card-bottom{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;border-top:1px solid #e2e0d9;padding-top:9px;color:#92969b;font-size:9px}.card-author{color:#687180}.card-read{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;color:var(--teal-dark);font-weight:700}.empty-state{padding:60px 20px;text-align:center;color:#6b7381}.empty-icon{font-size:38px;color:var(--teal)}
.editorial-strip{background:var(--ink);color:#f5f4ef;overflow:hidden;position:relative}.editorial-grid{min-height:470px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:.9fr 1.1fr;gap:70px;align-items:center;position:relative;padding-top:52px;padding-bottom:52px}.section-kicker-light{color:#8ec8be}.section-kicker-light>span:first-child{color:#c9b48f}.editorial-copy{max-width:450px;position:relative;z-index:1}.editorial-copy h2{font-size:clamp(38px,4.5vw,59px)}.editorial-copy h2 em{color:#82c8be}.editorial-copy>p:not(.section-kicker){color:#c5c9ce;font-size:13px;line-height:2;max-width:385px;margin:17px 0 27px}.editorial-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;color:#a6d9d2;font-size:12px;font-weight:700}.editorial-link span:last-child{font-size:16px}.editorial-image{height:350px;position:relative}.editorial-image img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;opacity:.84}.editorial-image:after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(15,27,47,.45),transparent 55%)}.image-tag{position:absolute;z-index:1;bottom:17px;inset-inline-start:17px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;background:rgba(248,247,241,.94);color:var(--ink);padding:8px 12px;font-size:10px;font-weight:700}.tag-dot{width:5px;height:5px}.editorial-vertical{position:absolute;z-index:2;top:17px;inset-inline-end:17px;writing-mode:vertical-rl;color:white;font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.16em}.strip-index{position:absolute;bottom:13px;inset-inline-end:0;color:#728096;font:12px var(--serif)}
.video-section{background:var(--paper-light)}.video-feature{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr .85fr;gap:56px;align-items:center}.video-poster{position:relative;height:360px;overflow:hidden;background:#d2d8d2}.video-poster>img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .8s}.video-poster:hover>img{transform:scale(1.03)}.video-poster:after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(19,32,53,.65),transparent 42%);pointer-events:none}.play-button{position:absolute;z-index:2;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);width:66px;height:66px;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.8);border-radius:50%;display:grid;place-items:center;color:white;background:rgba(24,36,59,.35);backdrop-filter:blur(5px);cursor:pointer;transition:.25s}.play-button:hover{background:var(--teal);border-color:var(--teal);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1.06)}.play-triangle{font-size:17px;margin-left:3px}.video-duration{position:absolute;z-index:2;top:14px;inset-inline-end:14px;background:rgba(24,36,59,.78);color:white;font:10px var(--sans);padding:4px 7px}.poster-bottom{position:absolute;z-index:2;bottom:17px;inset-inline:20px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;color:white;font-size:10px;font-weight:700}.poster-wave{font-size:27px;color:#a2dcd2}.video-copy{max-width:410px}.video-meta{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;color:#7c8490;font-size:10px}.meta-divider{color:#c4bdaa}.video-copy h3{font-family:var(--arabic),var(--serif);font-size:31px;line-height:1.45;margin:16px 0 10px}.video-copy>p:not(.video-meta){color:#6f7786;font-size:12px;line-height:1.95;margin:0 0 21px}.video-open{padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.studies-band{background:#e7e9df;overflow:hidden}.studies-inner{min-height:370px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:.4fr .95fr .9fr 1fr;align-items:center;gap:32px;position:relative;padding-block:50px}.study-number{align-self:start;margin-top:13px;font:17px var(--serif);color:var(--teal)}.study-number span{color:#8b938e;font-size:11px}.study-heading .section-kicker{margin-bottom:13px}.study-heading h2{font-size:clamp(35px,4vw,50px)}.study-heading h2 em{color:#657f72}.study-copy p{color:#66716e;font-size:12px;line-height:2;margin:0 0 20px;max-width:260px}.study-image{position:relative;height:225px}.study-image img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}.study-image span{position:absolute;inset-inline-start:11px;bottom:11px;background:rgba(248,247,241,.94);padding:5px 9px;font-size:9px;font-weight:700}.about-section{background:var(--paper)}.about-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.65fr 1.25fr .75fr;gap:54px;align-items:center}.about-side{align-self:stretch;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between}.about-orbit{width:210px;height:210px;position:relative;display:grid;place-items:center;margin:20px auto 0}.orbit-ring{position:absolute;border:1px solid rgba(22,143,137,.28);border-radius:50%}.ring-a{inset:11px}.ring-b{inset:40px;border-color:rgba(24,36,59,.14)}.orbit-core{width:70px;height:70px;border-radius:50%;display:grid;place-items:center;background:var(--ink);color:white;font:600 34px var(--serif);letter-spacing:-2px}.orbit-dot{position:absolute;top:23px;right:40px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--teal);box-shadow:0 0 0 6px rgba(22,143,137,.12)}.about-copy h2{font-size:clamp(34px,3.8vw,49px)}.about-copy>p{max-width:590px;color:#667082;font-size:13px;line-height:2.05;margin:19px 0 21px}.editor-signature{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:11px;color:#747b84;font-size:10px}.signature-rule{width:27px;height:1px;background:var(--gold)}.signature-stamp{margin-inline-start:3px;color:var(--teal);font-size:16px}.about-values{border-inline-start:1px solid var(--line);padding-inline-start:24px}.about-values div{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:baseline;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:12px 0}.about-values div:last-child{border:0}.about-values span{font:12px var(--serif);color:var(--teal)}.about-values p{margin:0;color:#535d6b;font-size:11px;font-weight:600}
.newsletter-section{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);overflow:hidden}.newsletter-inner{min-height:280px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:64px 1fr 1fr;gap:26px;align-items:center;position:relative;padding-block:48px}.newsletter-icon{width:54px;color:#a3d8d0}.newsletter-icon svg{width:100%}.newsletter-copy .section-kicker{margin-bottom:11px}.newsletter-copy h2{font-size:clamp(27px,3.3vw,40px)}.newsletter-copy h2 em{color:#8ed1c6}.newsletter-copy>p:last-child{font-size:11px;color:#c0c8ce;margin:10px 0 0}.newsletter-form{align-self:center;position:relative;z-index:1}.input-with-button{display:flex;border-bottom:1px solid #697589;min-height:49px}.input-with-button input{flex:1;min-width:80px;border:0;background:transparent;color:white;outline:0;padding:8px 0;font-size:11px}.input-with-button input::placeholder{color:#a4aab2}.input-with-button button{border:0;background:var(--teal);color:white;padding:0 14px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:13px;font-size:10px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer}.input-with-button button:hover{background:#21a59d}.form-note{color:#9da8b5;font-size:9px;margin:9px 0 0}.form-feedback{min-height:18px;margin:5px 0 0;font-size:10px;color:#a9e0d5}.newsletter-mark{position:absolute;bottom:-45px;inset-inline-end:-1px;font-size:160px;line-height:1;color:rgba(255,255,255,.035)}
.contact-section{background:var(--paper-light);padding-block:100px}.contact-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.82fr 1.18fr;gap:90px}.contact-copy h2{font-size:clamp(38px,4vw,54px)}.contact-copy>p:not(.section-kicker){max-width:350px;color:#697181;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9;margin:17px 0 19px}.contact-mail{color:var(--teal-dark);font-size:12px;font-weight:700;border-bottom:1px solid #bbd8d1;padding-bottom:3px}.contact-mail span{margin-inline-start:7px}.contact-form{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:17px;padding-top:23px}.form-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:18px}.contact-form label{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:7px;color:#6c7581;font-size:10px;font-weight:600}.contact-form input,.contact-form textarea{width:100%;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:transparent;color:var(--ink);padding:8px 0;outline:0;font-size:12px;resize:vertical}.contact-form input:focus,.contact-form textarea:focus{border-color:var(--teal)}.contact-form input::placeholder,.contact-form textarea::placeholder{color:#a2a5aa;font-size:11px}.form-bottom{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:15px}.form-bottom .button{min-height:43px}.form-bottom .form-note{color:#999da2;margin:0}.contact-form .form-feedback{color:var(--teal-dark)}
.site-footer{background:#111c31;color:#ecece7}.footer-main{min-height:110px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12)}.brand-footer .brand-mark{color:#eff1ed}.brand-footer .brand-word{color:white}.footer-main>p{font-size:10px;color:#aeb6c1;margin:0}.footer-links{display:flex;gap:23px;margin-inline-start:auto}.footer-links a{color:#d2d4d3;font-size:10px}.footer-bottom{min-height:55px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;color:#929dab;font-size:9px}.footer-bottom a{color:#c3cbc9}.footer-bottom a span:last-child{color:#8acdc2;margin-inline-start:5px}
.reader-dialog{width:min(760px,calc(100% - 28px));max-height:min(88vh,900px);border:0;padding:0;background:var(--paper-light);color:var(--ink);box-shadow:0 35px 100px rgba(6,16,30,.32)}.reader-dialog::backdrop{background:rgba(12,20,35,.68);backdrop-filter:blur(4px)}.reader-top{height:64px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:0 25px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);position:sticky;top:0;background:var(--paper-light);z-index:2}.reader-brand{font:600 20px var(--serif)}.reader-brand span{color:var(--teal)}.dialog-close{border:0;background:none;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;color:#697181;font-size:10px;cursor:pointer}.dialog-close span:first-child{font-size:24px;color:var(--ink)}.reader-content{max-width:600px;margin:0 auto;padding:45px 25px 60px}.reader-meta{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;font-size:10px;color:#7f8791}.reader-content h2{font:600 clamp(30px,5vw,46px)/1.35 var(--arabic),var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.04em;margin:17px 0 12px}.reader-deck{font-size:15px;line-height:1.9;color:#6a7280;border-inline-start:2px solid var(--teal);padding-inline-start:17px;margin:0 0 28px}.reader-byline{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:14px 0;border-block:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:26px;font-size:10px;color:#6c7582}.reader-avatar{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:50%;display:grid;place-items:center;background:var(--teal-pale);color:var(--teal-dark);font:600 14px var(--serif)}.reader-content p.reader-paragraph{font-size:14px;line-height:2.15;color:#414b5c;margin:0 0 18px}.reader-content blockquote{font:500 20px/1.7 var(--arabic),var(--serif);color:var(--teal-dark);margin:25px 0;padding:8px 20px;border-inline-start:2px solid var(--gold)}.reader-hero{width:100%;height:230px;object-fit:cover;margin:27px 0 22px}.reader-video-note{margin:25px 0;padding:20px;background:#e9efeb;color:#41564f;font-size:11px;line-height:1.9}.toast{position:fixed;z-index:40;bottom:24px;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,20px);opacity:0;pointer-events:none;background:var(--ink);color:white;box-shadow:var(--shadow);padding:12px 18px;font-size:11px;transition:.28s}.toast.show{opacity:1;transform:translate(-50%,0)}.reveal{opacity:0;transform:translateY(16px);transition:opacity .65s ease,transform .65s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1)}.reveal.is-visible{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}
:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--teal);outline-offset:3px}
html[dir="ltr"] .hero-art{margin:0 12px 24px 22px}html[dir="ltr"] .art-side-label{writing-mode:vertical-rl;right:auto;left:-20px}html[dir="ltr"] .about-values{border-inline-start:0;border-inline-end:1px solid var(--line);padding-inline-start:0;padding-inline-end:24px}html[dir="ltr"] .reader-deck{border-inline-start:0;border-inline-end:2px solid var(--teal);padding-inline-start:0;padding-inline-end:17px}html[dir="ltr"] .reader-content blockquote{border-inline-start:0;border-inline-end:2px solid var(--gold)}
@media(max-width:980px){.container{width:min(var(--page),calc(100% - 44px))}.header-inner{gap:22px}.primary-nav{gap:16px}.hero-grid{gap:35px;min-height:420px}.hero-art{min-height:340px}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(40px,6vw,60px)}.principles-row{gap:22px}.principle-note{max-width:180px}.article-grid{gap:24px 17px}.card-image{height:190px}.editorial-grid{gap:42px}.studies-inner{grid-template-columns:.25fr 1fr 1fr .9fr;gap:22px}.about-grid{grid-template-columns:.5fr 1.2fr .8fr;gap:32px}.about-orbit{width:170px;height:170px}.contact-grid{gap:55px}.newsletter-inner{grid-template-columns:48px 1fr 1fr;gap:20px}}
@media(max-width:760px){html{scroll-padding-top:75px}.container{width:calc(100% - 38px)}.topline-inner{height:31px;font-size:9px}.site-header{position:sticky}.header-inner{height:70px;gap:12px}.brand-mark{width:33px;height:33px}.brand-word{font-size:26px}.menu-toggle{display:flex;margin-inline-start:auto;width:37px;height:37px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:transparent;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:5px;cursor:pointer;order:3}.menu-toggle span{width:15px;height:1px;background:var(--ink);transition:transform .2s}.menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:first-child{transform:translateY(3px) rotate(45deg)}.menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:last-child{transform:translateY(-3px) rotate(-45deg)}.header-tools{gap:7px;margin-inline-start:auto}.header-cta{padding:8px 10px;font-size:10px;gap:8px}.language-picker{gap:3px}.language-picker svg{width:14px}.language-picker select{font-size:10px;padding-inline:0 17px}.primary-nav{position:absolute;top:70px;left:0;right:0;background:var(--paper-light);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 22px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:0;max-height:0;overflow:hidden;transition:max-height .25s,padding .25s}.primary-nav.open{max-height:330px;padding-block:8px 15px}.primary-nav a{padding:10px 2px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(24,36,59,.06);font-size:12px}.primary-nav a:last-child{border:0}.hero{padding-top:36px}.hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px;min-height:0}.hero-copy{padding:0}.eyebrow{margin-bottom:14px}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(39px,10vw,55px);line-height:1.3}.hero-description{font-size:13px;margin:15px 0 20px;max-width:100%}.hero-actions{gap:18px}.button{min-height:45px;padding:0 14px;gap:12px}.hero-note{margin-top:22px}.hero-art{min-height:280px;margin:0 10px 18px 6px}.art-frame{inset:0 11px 8px 18px}.art-side-label{inset-inline-end:-13px;font-size:8px}.principles-row{margin-top:10px;min-height:auto;padding:18px 0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px 10px}.principle{font-size:10px}.principle-note{grid-column:1/-1;margin:3px 0 0;max-width:none;font-size:9px}.section{padding:72px 0}.section-heading-row{display:block}.section-heading{margin-bottom:25px}.section-heading h2,.editorial-copy h2,.about-copy h2,.contact-copy h2{font-size:clamp(34px,9vw,45px)}.section-intro{margin:13px 0 0;font-size:11px}.content-controls{gap:8px}.search-box{height:44px;padding:0 10px;gap:8px}.search-box input{font-size:10px}.search-box kbd{display:none}.category-select-wrap{min-width:108px;padding-inline:7px}.category-select-wrap select{font-size:9px}.category-select-wrap .select-chevron{inset-inline-end:8px}.filter-row{align-items:flex-end}.filter-tabs{gap:0;margin-inline-start:-8px}.filter-tab{padding:10px 8px;font-size:9px}.filter-tab:after{inset-inline:8px}.result-count{font-size:8px;margin-bottom:11px}.article-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:22px 12px}.card-image{height:clamp(130px,42vw,200px)}.card-stamp{top:8px;inset-inline-start:8px;font-size:8px;padding:4px 6px}.card-title{font-size:16px;line-height:1.45;margin:6px 0}.card-summary{font-size:10px;line-height:1.65}.card-info{padding-top:10px}.card-meta{font-size:8px;gap:5px}.card-bottom{font-size:8px}.editorial-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px;padding-block:54px 42px;min-height:0}.editorial-copy>p:not(.section-kicker){font-size:11px}.editorial-image{height:240px}.strip-index{bottom:9px}.video-section{padding-block:72px}.video-feature{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:21px}.video-poster{height:260px}.video-copy{max-width:none}.video-copy h3{font-size:25px}.video-copy>p:not(.video-meta){font-size:11px}.studies-inner{grid-template-columns:40px 1fr 1fr;gap:14px;padding-block:39px}.study-number{grid-column:1;grid-row:1;margin-top:9px;font-size:13px}.study-heading{grid-column:2/-1;grid-row:1}.study-heading h2{font-size:37px}.study-copy{grid-column:2;grid-row:2}.study-copy p{font-size:10px}.study-image{grid-column:3;grid-row:2;height:155px}.study-image span{font-size:8px}.about-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.about-side{display:block}.about-orbit{position:absolute;width:95px;height:95px;right:auto;inset-inline-end:20px;margin-top:-11px}.orbit-core{width:42px;height:42px;font-size:22px}.ring-a{inset:5px}.ring-b{inset:22px}.orbit-dot{top:10px;inset-inline-end:17px;width:6px;height:6px}.about-copy>p{font-size:11px}.about-values{border-inline-start:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:10px 0 0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 15px}.about-values div{padding:9px 0}.about-values div:last-child{grid-column:1/-1}.about-values p{font-size:9px}.newsletter-inner{grid-template-columns:42px 1fr;gap:14px;padding-block:40px}.newsletter-icon{width:40px;align-self:start;margin-top:5px}.newsletter-copy h2{font-size:27px}.newsletter-copy>p:last-child{font-size:10px}.newsletter-form{grid-column:1/-1;margin-top:5px}.newsletter-mark{font-size:115px;bottom:-33px}.contact-section{padding-block:70px}.contact-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:26px}.contact-copy>p:not(.section-kicker){font-size:11px}.contact-form{padding-top:0}.form-row{gap:12px}.contact-form label{font-size:9px}.contact-form input,.contact-form textarea{font-size:11px}.form-bottom{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 12px}.form-bottom .form-note{font-size:8px}.footer-main{min-height:90px;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 15px;padding-block:17px}.footer-main>p{font-size:9px}.footer-links{gap:12px}.footer-links a{font-size:9px}.footer-bottom{min-height:54px;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:8px}.reader-top{height:55px;padding-inline:16px}.reader-content{padding:30px 20px 40px}.reader-content h2{font-size:31px}.reader-deck{font-size:13px}.reader-content p.reader-paragraph{font-size:12px}.reader-hero{height:190px}.toast{width:max-content;max-width:calc(100% - 30px);text-align:center}}
@media(max-width:390px){.container{width:calc(100% - 30px)}.header-inner{gap:7px}.brand{gap:5px}.brand-word{font-size:23px}.header-tools{gap:4px}.header-cta{padding:7px 8px}.language-picker select{max-width:83px}.filter-tab{padding-inline:6px}.filter-tab:after{inset-inline:6px}.card-title{font-size:14px}.card-image{height:126px}.principles-row{column-gap:6px}.study-heading h2{font-size:32px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,*::before,*::after{scroll-behavior:auto!important;animation-duration:.01ms!important;animation-iteration-count:1!important;transition-duration:.01ms!important}.reveal{opacity:1;transform:none}}

.reader-video-player{display:block;width:min(100%,860px);max-height:70vh;margin:28px auto;background:#101828;aspect-ratio:16/9}.reader-attachments{margin:36px 0;padding:20px 22px;background:#f1f2ec;border-inline-start:3px solid var(--teal)}.reader-attachments h3{margin:0 0 10px;color:var(--ink);font:600 17px var(--sans)}.reader-attachments ul{margin:0;padding-inline-start:20px}.reader-attachments li{margin:7px 0;color:var(--teal-dark)}.reader-attachments a{color:var(--teal-dark);text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:3px}.reader-attachments a:hover{color:var(--ink)}@media(max-width:640px){.reader-video-player{width:100%;margin:20px auto}.reader-attachments{padding:15px 16px;margin:26px 0}}


/* Visitor comments: plain text, moderated before public display. */
.public-comments{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:3.5rem 0 1rem;padding-top:2rem;max-width:760px}
.public-comments-heading{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;margin-bottom:1.35rem}
.public-comments-title-group{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.75rem}
.public-comments-heading h3{margin:0;color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--serif);font-size:clamp(1.35rem,2vw,1.8rem)}
.public-comments-note{margin:0;color:#697181;font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.6}
.public-comments-count{border-radius:999px;background:var(--teal-pale);color:var(--teal-dark);font-size:.76rem;padding:.35rem .65rem;white-space:nowrap}
.public-comment-list{display:grid;gap:.85rem}
.public-comment{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;background:var(--paper-light);padding:1rem 1.15rem}
.public-comment-meta{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;color:var(--ink)}
.public-comment-author{font-size:.92rem}
.public-comment-date{color:#7c8490;font-size:.75rem}
.public-comment-body{margin:.6rem 0 0;color:var(--ink-soft);line-height:1.8;white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.public-comments-empty{color:#697181;font-size:.9rem;margin:.75rem 0 1.4rem}
.public-comment-form{display:grid;gap:.55rem;margin-top:1.5rem;padding:1.2rem;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:16px;background:#fff}
.comment-field-label{color:var(--ink);font-size:.84rem;font-weight:650;margin-top:.3rem}
.comment-name-input,.comment-body-input{width:100%;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:inherit;padding:.75rem .85rem;outline:none;transition:border-color .18s,box-shadow .18s}
.comment-name-input:focus,.comment-body-input:focus{border-color:var(--teal);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(22,143,137,.14)}
.comment-body-input{resize:vertical;min-height:110px;line-height:1.7}
.comment-submit{justify-self:start;margin-top:.35rem}
.comment-submit-status{min-height:1.25rem;margin:0;color:var(--teal-dark);font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.6}
.comment-submit-status.error{color:#a8453e}
.comment-honeypot{position:absolute!important;left:-10000px!important;top:auto!important;width:1px!important;height:1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;opacity:0!important}
@media(max-width:600px){.public-comments{margin-top:2.5rem;padding-top:1.4rem}.public-comments-heading{display:block}.public-comments-note{margin-top:.45rem}.public-comment-form{padding:1rem}.comment-submit{width:100%}}


/* Comment loading and resilient long-name wrapping. */
.public-comments-more{margin:0 auto 1rem;display:flex}.public-comments-more[hidden],.public-comments-empty[hidden]{display:none!important}.public-comment-meta{align-items:flex-start;flex-wrap:wrap}.public-comment-author{min-width:0;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:break-word}


/* Personal academic identity: DR. ABDALAZIZ ABUELEYAN */
.personal-brand{gap:10px}.brand-lockup{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:4px;line-height:1.08}.brand-lockup .brand-word{font-family:var(--arabic),var(--sans);font-size:18px;letter-spacing:0;font-weight:700}.brand-lockup small{font:500 9px/1.4 var(--arabic),var(--sans);color:#727b88;white-space:nowrap}.compass-mark{width:38px;height:38px;color:var(--teal-dark)}.compass-mark svg{fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.45}.hero.profile-hero{padding:58px 0 0;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 24% 30%,rgba(219,236,231,.42),transparent 40%),var(--paper)}.profile-hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.16fr) minmax(280px,.84fr);align-items:center;gap:clamp(30px,6vw,86px);min-height:440px}.profile-hero .hero-copy{padding:12px 0 24px}.profile-hero .eyebrow{margin-bottom:17px}.hero-brand{margin:0 0 6px;color:var(--teal-dark);font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em}.hero-scholar{margin:0;font:600 clamp(38px,5vw,66px)/1.35 var(--arabic),var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.04em;color:var(--ink)}.hero-profession{margin:8px 0 0;color:#586576;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.8}.hero-motto{margin:16px 0;color:var(--teal-dark);font:500 clamp(15px,1.7vw,19px)/1.8 var(--arabic),var(--sans)}.profile-hero .hero-description{max-width:590px;margin:12px 0 23px;font-size:13px;line-height:2}.profile-hero .hero-actions{gap:18px}.hero-compass-panel{position:relative;min-height:360px;display:grid;place-items:center;color:var(--teal-dark);background:radial-gradient(circle,rgba(219,236,231,.72) 0,rgba(219,236,231,.2) 48%,transparent 70%)}.hero-compass{width:min(100%,340px);height:auto;overflow:visible;animation:compass-drift 16s ease-in-out infinite}.hero-compass circle,.hero-compass path{stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.2;vector-effect:non-scaling-stroke}.hero-compass .compass-outer{opacity:.22}.hero-compass .compass-inner{opacity:.38}.hero-compass .compass-core-ring{opacity:.55}.hero-compass .compass-cross{opacity:.3}.hero-compass .compass-rose{fill:rgba(22,143,137,.08);stroke-width:2}.hero-compass .compass-needle{fill:var(--teal);stroke:var(--teal)}.hero-compass .compass-center{fill:var(--gold);stroke:none}.hero-compass .compass-ticks{fill:var(--teal-dark);stroke:none}.compass-north{position:absolute;top:4%;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);font:500 12px var(--serif);letter-spacing:.18em}.compass-caption{position:absolute;bottom:8%;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);white-space:nowrap;color:#697681;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.1em}.hero-footline{min-height:57px;margin-top:4px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;color:#7b8390;font-size:10px}.footline-rule{height:1px;flex:1;background:var(--line)}
.focus-section{padding-block:78px;background:var(--paper-light)}.focus-section .section-heading{margin-bottom:26px}.focus-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-inline-start:1px solid var(--line)}.focus-card{min-width:0;min-height:94px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:30px 1fr 18px;align-items:center;gap:9px;padding:14px 13px;text-align:start;border:0;border-inline-end:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:transparent;cursor:pointer;transition:background .2s,color .2s}.focus-card:hover,.focus-card:focus-visible{background:#eaf1ed;color:var(--teal-dark)}.focus-index{align-self:start;padding-top:5px;color:#a49981;font:500 12px var(--serif)}.focus-card>span:nth-child(2){font-size:12px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.7}.focus-arrow{color:var(--teal);font-size:15px;transition:transform .2s}.focus-card:hover .focus-arrow{transform:translate(2px,-2px)}.articles-section{padding-top:86px;padding-bottom:90px}.research-publications-section,.publication-section,.intelligence-section,.lectures-section{padding-block:76px;border-top:1px solid rgba(24,36,59,.07)}.research-publications-section{background:#f8f7f2}.publication-section{background:#eeeee7}.intelligence-section{background:#f8f7f2}.lectures-section{background:#eeeee7}.collection-grid{margin-top:12px}.collection-empty{margin:0;padding:22px 18px;text-align:center;border:1px dashed #c8c7be;color:#737b86;font-size:12px;line-height:1.8}.collection-empty[hidden]{display:none}.anchor-alias{display:block;position:relative;top:-100px;visibility:hidden}.about-section{padding-block:86px;background:#f5f4ef}.about-grid{align-items:center}.about-compass{width:155px;height:155px;display:grid;place-items:center;margin:18px auto 0;border:1px solid rgba(22,143,137,.25);border-radius:50%;color:var(--teal-dark);background:radial-gradient(circle,rgba(219,236,231,.42),transparent 72%)}.about-compass svg{width:88%;height:88%;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.2}.about-role{font-weight:600;color:var(--teal-dark)}.about-values{display:grid;gap:12px}.about-values>div{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:11px;padding:10px 12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.about-values>div>span{color:#9d927b;font:500 12px var(--serif)}.about-values p{margin:0;color:#566171;font-size:11px;font-weight:600}.reader-bibliography{margin:20px 0;padding:14px 17px;background:#f1f2ec;border-inline-start:3px solid var(--gold);font-size:12px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--ink-soft);white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.reader-resource-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin:8px 0 15px;padding:9px 13px;background:var(--teal-pale);color:var(--teal-dark);font-size:11px;font-weight:700}.reader-resource-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.reader-video-note{margin:12px 0 20px}.reader-video-note a{color:var(--teal-dark);font-weight:700}.reader-video-player{display:block;width:min(100%,860px);max-height:70vh;margin:24px auto;background:#101828;aspect-ratio:16/9}.reveal{opacity:0;transform:translateY(12px);transition:opacity .55s ease,transform .55s ease}.reveal.is-visible{opacity:1;transform:none}
@keyframes compass-drift{0%,100%{transform:rotate(-2deg)}50%{transform:rotate(2deg)}}
@media(min-width:1201px){.header-inner{gap:18px}.primary-nav{gap:9px}.primary-nav a{font-size:10px}.header-tools{gap:9px}.brand-lockup .brand-word{font-size:17px}.brand-mark{width:34px;height:34px}}
@media(max-width:1200px){.header-inner{position:relative;gap:12px}.menu-toggle{width:38px;height:38px;display:flex;flex:none;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:5px;margin-inline-start:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);background:rgba(255,255,255,.45);cursor:pointer}.menu-toggle span{width:16px;height:1.5px;background:var(--ink);transition:transform .2s}.menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:first-child{transform:translateY(3.25px) rotate(45deg)}.menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:last-child{transform:translateY(-3.25px) rotate(-45deg)}.primary-nav{position:absolute;z-index:30;top:100%;inset-inline:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:0;margin:0;padding:0 clamp(20px,5vw,42px);max-height:0;overflow:hidden;background:rgba(251,250,247,.98);border-bottom:1px solid transparent;box-shadow:0 14px 24px rgba(23,39,68,.07);transition:max-height .24s ease,padding .24s ease}.primary-nav.open{max-height:580px;padding-block:9px 13px;border-bottom-color:var(--line)}.primary-nav a{padding:8px 3px;font-size:12px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(23,39,68,.07)}.primary-nav a:last-child{border-bottom:0}.profile-hero-grid{gap:30px}.hero-compass-panel{min-height:310px}}
@media(max-width:760px){.container{width:calc(100% - 32px)}.topline-inner{height:auto;min-height:32px}.topline-inner p{font-size:9px}.topline-link{font-size:9px}.header-inner{height:68px;gap:8px}.brand-lockup .brand-word{font-size:15px}.brand-lockup small{font-size:8px}.compass-mark{width:32px;height:32px}.header-tools{gap:6px}.header-cta{display:none}.language-picker select{max-width:74px;font-size:10px}.profile-hero{padding-top:35px}.profile-hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0;min-height:0}.profile-hero .hero-copy{padding:12px 0 4px}.hero-scholar{font-size:clamp(35px,9vw,52px)}.hero-profession{font-size:12px}.hero-motto{font-size:14px}.profile-hero .hero-description{font-size:12px}.profile-hero .hero-actions{gap:14px}.hero-compass-panel{min-height:220px;margin-top:0}.hero-compass{width:210px}.compass-caption{bottom:0}.hero-footline{min-height:46px;margin-top:4px;font-size:9px}.focus-section{padding-block:56px}.focus-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.focus-card{grid-template-columns:22px 1fr 14px;gap:6px;min-height:75px;padding:10px 9px}.focus-card>span:nth-child(2){font-size:10px}.articles-section{padding-block:58px}.research-publications-section,.publication-section,.intelligence-section,.lectures-section,.about-section{padding-block:55px}.section-heading-row{display:block}.section-intro{max-width:520px;margin-top:13px}.article-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:22px 13px}.card-image{height:170px}.card-title{font-size:16px}.card-summary{font-size:10px}.card-meta{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:5px;font-size:8px}.filter-tabs{max-width:100%;flex-wrap:nowrap}.filter-tab{padding-inline:7px;font-size:9px}.collection-empty{padding:16px;font-size:11px}.about-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:16px}.about-side{min-height:84px}.about-compass{width:84px;height:84px;position:absolute;inset-inline-end:20px;margin-top:-10px}.about-copy h2{font-size:34px}.about-values{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:5px}.about-values>div{padding:8px 5px;align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:4px}.newsletter-inner{gap:18px}.newsletter-form{min-width:0}.newsletter-form .input-with-button{flex-wrap:wrap}.newsletter-form input{min-width:0}.contact-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:25px}.contact-form .form-row{grid-template-columns:1fr}.footer-main{gap:16px}.footer-links{flex-wrap:wrap}.reader-dialog{width:calc(100% - 16px);max-height:94vh;padding:20px 15px}.reader-content h2{font-size:29px}.reader-hero{max-height:310px}}
@media(max-width:480px){.container{width:calc(100% - 26px)}.brand-lockup .brand-word{font-size:13px}.brand-lockup small{font-size:7px}.compass-mark{width:28px;height:28px}.header-inner{gap:6px}.language-picker select{max-width:66px;padding-inline-end:16px}.hero-scholar{font-size:35px}.focus-card>span:nth-child(2){font-size:9px}.focus-card{grid-template-columns:18px 1fr 12px;padding-inline:7px}.article-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.card-image{height:205px}.card-title{font-size:18px}.content-controls{flex-wrap:wrap}.search-box{flex-basis:100%}.category-select-wrap{width:100%;height:44px}.filter-row{align-items:flex-start;gap:7px;flex-direction:column}.result-count{margin:0 0 8px}.about-values{grid-template-columns:1fr}.about-values>div{flex-direction:row;align-items:center}.footer-main{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column}.footer-bottom{gap:8px;align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.hero-compass{animation:none!important}.reveal{opacity:1;transform:none;transition:none}*,*::before,*::after{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition-duration:.01ms!important}}
.content-load-error{margin:0 0 18px;padding:12px 16px;border-inline-start:3px solid var(--gold);background:var(--paper-light);color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:13px}


/* DR. ABDALAZIZ ABUELEYAN — polished editorial system, tuned for each academic field. */
:root {
  --ink: #14233d;
  --ink-soft: #46556b;
  --paper: #f5f3ed;
  --paper-light: #fffefa;
  --cream: #ece8dc;
  --teal: #07877f;
  --teal-dark: #086c68;
  --teal-pale: #dceee8;
  --line: #d8d9d3;
  --gold: #b58a54;
  --shadow: 0 18px 44px rgba(20, 35, 61, .09);
  --page: 1200px;
}

html { scroll-padding-top: 102px; }
body {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.8;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  font-kerning: normal;
}
body:lang(ar) { font-family: "IBM Plex Sans Arabic", sans-serif; }
body:lang(en), body:lang(tr) { font-family: "DM Sans", sans-serif; }
button, input, select, textarea { font-size: inherit; }
.container { width: min(var(--page), calc(100% - 72px)); }

/* A strong, personal profile opening instead of a generic magazine banner. */
.topline { background: #0e192c; }
.site-header { background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .96); border-bottom-color: rgba(20, 35, 61, .12); }
.header-inner { min-height: 84px; }
.brand-lockup .brand-word { font-size: 19px; }
.brand-lockup small { font-size: 10px; }
.primary-nav a { font-size: 12px; color: #38475d; }
.primary-nav a:hover { color: var(--teal-dark); }
.header-cta { border-radius: 3px; min-height: 42px; }
.hero.profile-hero {
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding-top: 55px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse at 21% 44%, rgba(8, 135, 127, .16), transparent 35%),
    linear-gradient(122deg, #192d4b 0%, #101c31 72%, #0d192c 100%);
  color: #f7f7f2;
}
.profile-hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -1;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: .12;
  background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.08) 1px, transparent 1px), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,.08) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 58px 58px;
  mask-image: linear-gradient(100deg, transparent 8%, #000 72%);
}
.profile-hero-grid { min-height: 480px; }
.profile-hero .hero-copy, .profile-hero .hero-compass-panel { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.profile-hero .eyebrow { color: #a6d9d1; }
.profile-hero .eyebrow-dot { background: #8ed4c8; box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px rgba(142, 212, 200, .12); }
.profile-hero .eyebrow-rule { background: rgba(255,255,255,.34); }
.hero-brand { color: #a7ded5; }
.hero-scholar { color: #fffefa; font-size: clamp(46px, 5.4vw, 74px); line-height: 1.3; text-wrap: balance; }
.hero-profession { color: #d8e1e7; font-size: 15px; }
.hero-motto { color: #93d8ce; font-size: clamp(17px, 1.8vw, 21px); }
.profile-hero .hero-description { color: #c3ced9; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2.05; }
.profile-hero .button-primary { background: #0d8f86; color: #fff; }
.profile-hero .button-primary:hover { background: #10a197; }
.profile-hero .text-link { color: #f3f5f4; }
.profile-hero .text-link span:last-child { color: #8cd4ca; }
.hero-compass-panel {
  color: #9bd8d0;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(91, 190, 177, .15) 0, rgba(74, 148, 147, .06) 43%, transparent 72%);
}
.hero-compass .compass-outer, .hero-compass .compass-inner, .hero-compass .compass-core-ring { stroke: currentColor; }
.hero-compass .compass-outer { opacity: .35; }
.hero-compass .compass-inner { opacity: .52; }
.hero-compass .compass-core-ring { opacity: .72; }
.hero-compass .compass-needle { fill: #7fcfc3; stroke: #7fcfc3; }
.hero-compass .compass-rose { fill: rgba(142, 212, 200, .08); }
.hero-compass .compass-center { fill: #e6c18b; }
.compass-caption, .compass-north { color: #d1e2e3; }
.hero-footline { position: relative; z-index: 1; color: #c2ccd5; border-top-color: rgba(255,255,255,.18); }
.hero-footline .footline-rule { background: rgba(255,255,255,.21); }

/* Section rhythm: each academic collection gets a fitting, restrained character. */
.section { padding-block: 88px; }
.section-heading { margin-bottom: 34px; }
.section-heading h2, .about-copy h2, .contact-copy h2 {
  font-size: clamp(38px, 4vw, 54px);
  line-height: 1.32;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.section-kicker { font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .08em; }
.section-kicker > span:first-child { font-size: 15px; }
.section-intro { max-width: 390px; color: #59677a; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.9; }
.focus-section { background: #f0f3f1; }
.focus-section .section-heading { margin-bottom: 30px; }
.focus-grid { border-color: #d4ddd9; }
.focus-card {
  min-height: 102px;
  grid-template-columns: 34px minmax(0, 1fr) 20px;
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 17px 16px;
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .76);
}
.focus-card > span:nth-child(2) { font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.75; }
.focus-card:hover, .focus-card:focus-visible { background: #e0eee9; }
.focus-index { color: #9b8056; }

.articles-section { background: var(--paper-light); padding-block: 92px 96px; }
.content-controls { gap: 14px; margin-bottom: 20px; }
.search-box, .category-select-wrap {
  min-height: 52px;
  border-color: #d2d8d6;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: #fff;
}
.search-box input { font-size: 14px; }
.search-box:focus-within { border-color: var(--teal); box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(7, 135, 127, .1); }
.category-select-wrap select { font-size: 13px; }
.filter-row { margin-bottom: 28px; border-color: #d9dedb; }
.filter-tab { padding: 13px 14px; font-size: 12px; }
.filter-tab.active { color: var(--teal-dark); }
.result-count { font-size: 11px; }
.article-grid { gap: 28px 22px; align-items: stretch; }
.article-card {
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid rgba(20, 35, 61, .09);
  border-radius: 5px;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(20, 35, 61, .025);
  transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, border-color .25s ease;
}
.article-card:hover, .article-card:focus-visible {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  border-color: rgba(7, 135, 127, .32);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 35px rgba(20, 35, 61, .11);
}
.card-image { height: 236px; background: #e5e8e5; }
.card-image img { object-position: center; }
.card-stamp { border-radius: 2px; font-size: 10px; }
.card-info { padding: 16px 18px 17px; }
.card-meta { flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 10px; }
.card-title { font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.55; text-wrap: pretty; }
.card-summary { color: #566478; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.9; }
.card-bottom { font-size: 10px; padding-top: 12px; }
.article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:first-child {
  grid-column: span 2;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.08fr) minmax(0, .92fr);
  align-items: stretch;
}
.article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:first-child .card-image { height: 100%; min-height: 344px; }
.article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:first-child .card-info { align-self: center; padding: clamp(20px, 3vw, 38px); }
.article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:first-child .card-title { font-size: clamp(25px, 2.6vw, 34px); line-height: 1.45; }
.article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:first-child .card-summary { -webkit-line-clamp: 4; line-clamp: 4; }

.research-publications-section { background: #edf2f3; }
.research-publications-section .section-heading h2 em { color: #187c80; }
.research-publications-section .collection-grid { margin-top: 22px; }
.research-publications-section .article-card { border-top: 3px solid #6c9fa0; }
.research-publications-section .card-image { height: 205px; }
.publication-section { background: #f3efe5; }
.publication-section .section-heading h2 em { color: #8f6d43; }
.publication-section .article-card { border-top: 3px solid #b8996b; }
.publication-section .collection-empty {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin-inline-start: auto;
  border: 1px solid #d9cdb5;
  border-inline-start: 4px solid #b8996b;
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .68);
  color: #625b50;
  text-align: start;
}
.intelligence-section {
  color: #f2f5f3;
  background: linear-gradient(118deg, #172943, #101b2e 76%);
}
.intelligence-section .section-kicker { color: #9bd3c9; }
.intelligence-section .section-kicker > span:first-child { color: #dfbd86; }
.intelligence-section .section-heading h2 { color: #fffefa; }
.intelligence-section .section-heading h2 em { color: #8ed4c9; }
.intelligence-section .section-intro { color: #c3ced8; }
.intelligence-section .collection-empty {
  border: 1px solid rgba(193, 216, 216, .24);
  border-inline-start: 4px solid #50a99f;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .035);
  color: #c5d2da;
  text-align: start;
}
.intelligence-section .article-card { border-top: 3px solid #50a99f; }
.lectures-section { background: #eaf2ee; }
.lectures-section .section-heading h2 em { color: #397d68; }
.lectures-section .collection-empty {
  border: 1px solid #c9ddd4;
  border-inline-start: 4px solid #4e957d;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: rgba(255, 254, 250, .72);
  color: #4e665f;
  text-align: start;
}
.lectures-section .article-card { border-top: 3px solid #4e957d; }
.collection-grid { margin-top: 20px; }
.collection-grid .card-info { padding: 15px 17px 17px; }
.collection-empty { font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.9; }

.about-section { background: #fffefa; }
.about-copy > p { color: #526176; font-size: 15px; line-height: 2.1; }
.about-role { font-size: 16px !important; }
.about-values { border-color: #d7ddd9; }
.about-values > div { padding-block: 15px; border-color: #e0e3dd; }
.about-values p { font-size: 13px; }
.newsletter-section { background: linear-gradient(115deg, #14233d, #0f1a2c); }
.newsletter-copy > p:last-child { font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.8; }
.newsletter-form .input-with-button { border-bottom-color: rgba(226, 235, 237, .48); }
.newsletter-form input { font-size: 13px; }
.newsletter-form .form-note { font-size: 10px; }
.contact-section { background: #f4f5f1; }
.contact-copy > p:not(.section-kicker) { max-width: 430px; color: #58677a; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.95; }
.contact-form { padding: 28px; border: 1px solid #dce1dc; border-radius: 4px; background: #fffefa; box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(20, 35, 61, .04); }
.contact-form label { color: #49596c; font-size: 12px; }
.contact-form input, .contact-form textarea { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; }
.contact-form input::placeholder, .contact-form textarea::placeholder { font-size: 13px; }
.site-footer { background: #0e192c; }
.footer-main { min-height: 126px; }
.footer-main > p { font-size: 12px; }
.footer-links a { font-size: 11px; }
.footer-bottom { font-size: 10px; }

/* Reading comfort, motion safety, and deliberate small-screen rhythm. */
.reader-dialog { border-radius: 5px; }
.reader-top { min-height: 68px; }
.reader-content { max-width: 680px; padding-top: 52px; }
.reader-content p.reader-paragraph { font-size: 16px; line-height: 2.2; }
.reader-deck { font-size: 16px; line-height: 2; }
:focus-visible { outline-color: #07877f; outline-offset: 4px; }

@media (max-width: 1200px) {
  .container { width: min(var(--page), calc(100% - 56px)); }
  .primary-nav a { font-size: 12px; }
  .header-inner { min-height: 78px; }
  .article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:first-child .card-image { min-height: 300px; }
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  html { scroll-padding-top: 78px; }
  .container { width: calc(100% - 38px); }
  .header-inner { min-height: 68px; }
  .topline-inner { min-height: 34px; }
  .hero.profile-hero { padding-top: 31px; }
  .profile-hero-grid { gap: 0; }
  .profile-hero .hero-copy { padding: 8px 0 2px; }
  .hero-scholar { font-size: clamp(39px, 9.2vw, 54px); }
  .hero-profession { font-size: 13px; }
  .profile-hero .hero-description { font-size: 13px; }
  .hero-compass-panel { min-height: 218px; }
  .hero-compass { width: 205px; }
  .compass-caption { color: #d4e3e4; }
  .hero-footline { min-height: 48px; }
  .section { padding-block: 68px; }
  .section-heading { margin-bottom: 26px; }
  .section-heading h2, .about-copy h2, .contact-copy h2 { font-size: clamp(34px, 8.3vw, 46px); }
  .section-intro { font-size: 13px; }
  .focus-section { padding-block: 58px; }
  .focus-card { min-height: 84px; padding: 12px 10px; }
  .focus-card > span:nth-child(2) { font-size: 11px; }
  .articles-section { padding-block: 66px 72px; }
  .article-grid { gap: 20px 14px; }
  .card-image { height: 190px; }
  .card-info { padding: 13px 14px 15px; }
  .card-title { font-size: 19px; }
  .card-summary { font-size: 12px; }
  .article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:first-child { grid-column: span 2; }
  .article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:first-child .card-image { min-height: 270px; }
  .article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:first-child .card-title { font-size: 25px; }
  .research-publications-section, .publication-section, .intelligence-section, .lectures-section { padding-block: 64px; }
  .research-publications-section .card-image { height: 180px; }
  .collection-empty { padding: 18px; font-size: 12px; }
  .about-section { padding-block: 66px; }
  .about-copy > p { font-size: 13px; }
  .about-values p { font-size: 11px; }
  .newsletter-inner { padding-block: 38px; }
  .contact-section { padding-block: 66px; }
  .contact-grid { gap: 24px; }
  .contact-form { padding: 21px; }
  .footer-links { gap: 15px; }
}
@media (max-width: 520px) {
  .container { width: calc(100% - 30px); }
  .hero.profile-hero { padding-top: 24px; }
  .profile-hero .hero-scholar { font-size: clamp(34px, 9vw, 42px); }
  .profile-hero .hero-actions { gap: 11px 15px; }
  .profile-hero .hero-actions .text-link { font-size: 11px; }
  .hero-compass-panel { min-height: 184px; }
  .hero-compass { width: 174px; }
  .section { padding-block: 56px; }
  .focus-section { padding-block: 50px; }
  .focus-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .focus-card { grid-template-columns: 20px minmax(0, 1fr) 13px; gap: 6px; min-height: 76px; padding: 10px 7px; }
  .focus-card > span:nth-child(2) { font-size: 10px; }
  .content-controls { gap: 9px; }
  .search-box { min-height: 46px; }
  .category-select-wrap { min-height: 46px; }
  .filter-tabs { overflow-x: auto; max-width: 100%; }
  .filter-tab { padding: 11px 9px; font-size: 10px; }
  .article-grid, .article-grid:not(.collection-grid) { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:first-child { grid-column: auto; display: block; }
  .article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:first-child .card-image { height: 230px; min-height: 0; }
  .article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:first-child .card-info { padding: 16px; }
  .article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:first-child .card-title { font-size: 24px; }
  .card-image { height: 225px; }
  .research-publications-section .card-image { height: 225px; }
  .category-select-wrap { width: 100%; }
  .filter-row { align-items: flex-start; }
  .contact-form { padding: 17px; }
  .form-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer-main { align-items: flex-start; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .profile-hero::before { mask-image: none; }
  .hero-compass { animation: none !important; }
  .article-card, .focus-card, .primary-nav, .button { transition: none !important; }
}


/* The lead article anchors the library; remaining stories retain a calm three-column rhythm. */
@media (min-width: 761px) {
  .article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:first-child {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.14fr) minmax(0, .86fr);
  }
  .article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:first-child .card-image {
    min-height: 360px;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 521px) and (max-width: 760px) {
  .article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:nth-child(even):last-child {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.1fr) minmax(0, .9fr);
  }
  .article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:nth-child(even):last-child .card-image { height: 100%; min-height: 230px; }
}
@media (max-width: 520px) {
  .article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:nth-child(even):last-child { grid-column: auto; display: block; }
  .article-grid:not(.collection-grid) > .article-card:nth-child(even):last-child .card-image { height: 225px; min-height: 0; }
}


/* Keep Latin-script title display in DM Sans; Arabic-script headings use IBM Plex Arabic. */
html[lang="en"], html[lang="tr"] { --arabic: "DM Sans", sans-serif; }
html[lang="ar"] { --arabic: "IBM Plex Sans Arabic", sans-serif; }


/* Optional owner-supplied site visuals; retain the original compass by default. */
.brand-mark.has-custom-logo{overflow:hidden}
.brand-mark.has-custom-logo .custom-site-logo{display:block;width:80%;height:80%;object-fit:contain}
.hero-compass-panel{position:relative;isolation:isolate;overflow:hidden}
.hero-profile-image{position:absolute;z-index:0;inset:50% auto auto 50%;width:min(58%,270px);aspect-ratio:1;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);object-fit:cover;border:4px solid rgba(207,236,229,.72);border-radius:50%;box-shadow:0 16px 50px rgba(3,13,25,.28);opacity:.94}
.hero-compass-panel .hero-compass,.hero-compass-panel .compass-north,.hero-compass-panel .compass-caption{position:relative;z-index:1}
.hero-compass-panel.has-profile-image{background:radial-gradient(circle,rgba(13,28,46,.16),rgba(11,26,43,.42) 64%,transparent 76%)}
@media(max-width:680px){.hero-profile-image{width:min(58%,220px);border-width:3px}}